Siku za Fatimiyya
Siku za Fatimiyya (Kiarabu: الأيام الفاطمية) ni siku ambazo Waislamu wa madhehebu ya Shia hufanya maombolezo kwa mnasaba wa kumbukumbu ya kufa shahidi Bibi Fatima Zahra (a.s). Kwa kuzingatia kwamba, kauli au riwaya mbili kuhusiana na siku aliyokufa shahidi Bibi Fatima (a.s) binti ya Mtume (s.a.w.w) ambazo ni tarehe 13 Jamadul-Awwal na tarehe 3 Jamaduthani ndizo mashuhuri zaidi, masiku ya tarehe 11 hadi 13 Jamadul-Awwal yamepatiwa jina la siku za Fatimiyya ya Kwanza na siku za tarehe 3 hadi 5 Jamaduthani, zimepewa jina la Siku za Fatimiyya ya Pili.
Katika siku za Fatimiyya katika baadhi ya nchi kama Iran, Iraq, Pakistan na Azerbaijan hufanyika maombolezo. Kadhalika tarehe 3 Jamaduthani nchini Iran ni mapumziko rasmi na baadhi ya Marajii Taqlidi, hushiriki katika hafla za maombolezo ya siku hii. Nchini Iran, maombolezo ya siku za Fatimiyya ya pili zimechukua mkondo mpana zaidi tangu mwaka 1379 Hijiria Shamsia wakati tarehe 3 Jamadul-Awwal ambayo ni siku ya kumbukumbu ya kufa shahidi bibi Fatima (a.s) ilipotangazwa kuwa mapumziko rasmi.
Siku za Fatimiyya ni zipi?
Siku za Fatimiyyan ni siku ambazo Waislamu wa madhehebu ya Shia hufanya maombolezo kwa mnasaba wa kumbukumbu ya kufa shahidi Bibi Fatima Zahra (a.s). [1] Kwa kuzingatia kwamba, kauli au riwaya mbili kuhusiana na siku aliyokufa shahidi Bibi Fatima (a.s) binti ya Mtume (s.a.w.w) ambazo ni tarehe 13 Jamadul-Awwal na tarehe 3 Jamaduthani ndizo mashuhuri zaidi, masiku ya tarehe 11 hadi 13 Jamadul-Awwal zinmepatiwa jina la siku za Fatimiyya ya Kwanza na siku za tarehe 3 hadi 5 Jamaduthani, zimepewa jina la Siku za Fatimiyya ya pili. [2] Hata hivyo baadhi wanatambua siku za kuanzia tarehe 10 hadi 20 Jamadul-Awwal kuwa ni Fatimiyya ya kwanza na kuanzia tarehe Mosi hadi 10 Jamaduthani kuwa ni Fatimiyya ya Pili. [3]
Siku hasa aliyokufa shahidi Bibi Fatima haifahamiki na kuna tofauti za kimitazamo kuhusiana na jambo hilo. Katika kitabu cha al-Maus’at al-Kubra An Fatimah kilichoandikwa na Ismail Ansari Zanjani (aliaga dunia 1388 Hijiria Shamsia), kumenukuliwa kauli 21 kuhusiana na siku aliyokufa shahidi Bibi Fatima Zahra (a.s). [4] Kwa mujibu wa Sayyid Muhammad Jawad Shabiri (aliazaliwa 1345 Hijiria Shamsia) mmoja wa waandishi wa Insaiklopidia ya Fatima ameitambua kauli ya kufa shahidi Bibi Fatima 3 Jamadithani kuwa mashuhuri zaidi kwa Mashia. [5] Amejengea hoja kauli hii kwa hadithi iliyonukuliwa kutoka kwa Imam Swadiq (a.s) na ambayo imenukuliwa katika kitabu cha Dalail al-Aimah. [6] [7]
Maombolezo
Katika siku za Fatimiyya, katika miji mbalimbali ya Iran hufanyika marasimu na shughuli za maombolezo. Maombolezo ya siku za Fatimiyya ya pili zimechukua mkondo mpana zaidi wakati tarehe 3 Jamadul-Awwal ambayo ni siku ya kumbukumbu ya kufa shahidi bibi Fatima (a.s) ilipotangazwa kuwa mapumziko rasmi. [8] Mwaka 1379 Hijiria Shamsia Ayatullah Wahid Khorasani alipendekeza hilo na serikali ikapasisha na kutangaza tarehe 3 Jamadithani ambayo ni siku ya kumbukumbu ya kuuawa shahidi Bibi Fatima (a.s) kuwa siku ya mapumziko. [9] Hussein Wahid Khorasani (alizaliwa 1300 Hijiria Shamsia) na Lotfullah Safi Golpaygani (aliaga dunia 1400) ni miongoni mwa Marajii Taqlidi wa Kishia ambao hushiriki katika vikundi vya maombolezo vinavyoelekea Haram ya Bibi Maasuma (a.s) kwa kutembea kwa miguu. [10]
Kadhalika sambamba na siku za Fatimiyya katika baadhi ya miji ya Iran hususan Qom, hufanyika maonyesho yanayojulikana kwa jina la mitaa ya Bani Hashim ambapo watu wote huruhusiwa kutembelea na kuona maonyesho hayo ambamo ndani yake huonyeshwa mandahri ya Baqi’, Ghadir Khum na Fadak. [11]
Inaelezwa kuwa, Mashia wa nchini Iraq mbali na Fatimiya ya kwanza na ya pili, tarehe 8 Rabiul-Thani hufanya maombolezo pia. Maombolezo hayo ni kwa mujibu wa nukuu inayosema kuwa, Bibi Fatima alikufa shahidi siku 40 baada ya kuaga dunia Bwana Mtume (s.a.w.w). [12] Kadhalika katika nchi kama Pakistan, [13] Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, [14] na Australia [15] na vilevile katika kituo cha Kiislamu cha Hamburg Ujerumani [16] na kituo cha Kiislamu cha Imamu Ali (a.s) huko Stockholm nchini Sweden hufanyika maombolezo ya katika siku za Fatimiyya ya pili. [17]
Historia ya maombolezo kwa ajili ya Bibi Fatima (a.s)
Kuna ripoti mbalimbali kuhusiana na Ahlul-Bayt (a.s) kufanya maombolezo kwa ajili ya Bibi Fatima (a.s). [18] Imenukuliwa kutoka kwa Imam Swadiq (a.s) ya kwamba, alikuwa akifanya maombolezo kwa ajili ya Bibi Fatima (a.s) na katika kikao kikao chake cha maombolezo alikuwa akikumbusha tukio la kuharibika ujauzito wa bibi Fatima (wa kichanga Muhsin) na kupigwa Bibi Fatima (a.s). [19] Kadhalika kwa mujibu wa ripoti ya Qadhi Abdul-Jabbar Mu’tazili (aliaga dunia 415 A.H) baadhi ya Mashia wa maeneo mbalimbali kama Misri, Damascus, Baghdad, al-Ramlah, Asqalan na kadhalika walikuwa wakifanya maombolezo kwa ajili ya Bibi Fatima (a.s) na mwanawe Muhsin (a.s). [20]
Vyanzo
- Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. Al-Kāfī. 4th edition. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1407 AH.
- Mazāhirī, Ḥusayn. Andīshahā-yi nāb. Iṣfahān: Muʾssisa al-Zahrāʾ, 1390 SH.
- Nazarī Mufarid, ʿAlī. Tanhā yādigār. Qom: Intishārāt-i Jilwa-yi Kamāl, 1389 SH.
- Raḍawī, ʿAbbās. Ḥāj shaykh ʿAbd al-Karīm Ḥā'irī wa sāmān dādan bi tablīghāt-i dīnī. Hawza Journal, Year 21, No 5.
- Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-. Dalāʾil al-imāma. Qom: Nashr-i Biʿthat, 1413 AH.
- Tabrīzī, Jaʿfar. Sīra-yi ustād al-fuqahā wa al-mujtahidīn Mīrzā Jawād Tabrīzī. Qom: Dār al-Siddīqa al-Shahīda, 1391 SH.
- The story of declaring Fatimiyya as a national holiday. Fars News Agency (Persian). from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
- Exhibition of models of Banu Hashim neighborhood. Mehrnews.com (Persian). from the original on 16 March 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
- Banu Hashim neighborhood in Reygan Irna.ir/news (Persian). from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
- When "Fatimiyya" starts? Soalcity.ir (Persian). from the original on 4 January 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
- The idea of the Maraji' about coincidence of Fatimiyya and Nowruz. Fars News Agency (Persian). from the original on 21 March 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
- Mourning of Fatimiyya in Pakistan. Irna.ir (Persian) from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
- Mourning of Fatimiyya in Tajikistan. Tajik.irib.ir/persian/news (Persian) from the original on 14 April 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
- Mourning of Fatimiyya in Melbourne, Australia. AhlulBayt News Agency. (Persian) from the original on 31 March 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
- Mourning of Fatimiyya in Hamburg, Germany. Mehrnews.com (Persian) from the original on 4 March 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
- Fatimiyya ceremonies in European cities. AhlulBayt News Agency. (Persian) from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2020.